Laparoscopic ultrasonography of the liver is feasible and safe in dogs

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe the feasibility and technique for performing laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) of liver in dogs. ANIMALS 12 client-owned dogs presenting elective surgery from January 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022. METHODS Laparoscopic exploration LUS were performed all Dogs positioned reverse Trendelenburg laterally rotated facilitate access lobes. Time perform LUS, ability visualize each lobe entirely, any complications recorded. Each dog underwent an procedure. The surgeon completed a National Aeronautics Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire after surgery. RESULTS Mean body weight was 25.9 kg (SD, ± 4.1 kg; range, 5.7 62 kg). All lobes scanned level hilus 10/12 In 2 dogs, caudate could not be completely imaged. Median time 9 minutes (IQR, 5 16.5 minutes), median NASA-TLX score 9/100 6.3 20). There significantly strong negative correlation between ( r = −0.77; P .0037) −0.84; .0006) with trial number. Minor occurred during exploration. No LUS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE feasible safe right lateral occasionally challenging access. Technical demand improved experience, suggesting learning curve. Evaluation clinical disease is warranted.